Where the partners have decided that the partnership has no viable future or purpose then a decision may be made to cease trading and wind up the partnership. This is a drastic final solution and it may be that other solutions could be taken that better achieve the desired purpose such as a Partnership Voluntary Arrangement(PVA) or a Partnership Administration. We can advise on both or these as well.

As with winding up a company there are two basic ways that the partnership can be wound up: the creditor's petition and a partner's petition

Creditor's Petition
A creditor can petition to wind up the partnership but not issue bankruptcy petitions against the individual partners. Or the creditor can issue a petition to wind up the partnership concurrently with a bankruptcy petition against one or more of the individual partners.

Partner's Petition
The partners can petition to wind up the partnership but not issue bankruptcy petitions against the individual partners. Or the partners can issue a petition to wind up the partnership concurrently with a bankruptcy petition against the individual partners.

The Winding-Up Process
The partnership is treated much like an unregistered company and is wound up in the same way as a company. The tasks of the liquidator are therefore to

1. Realise the assets in the partnership including any deficiencies due on the partner's individual capital accounts (the partners will have to pay such deficiencies if required). All debtors, property and other assets will be collected by the liquidator.

2. Investigate the conduct of the "officers of the partnership" just as the liquidator in a company liquidation must do.

2.1. Akin to the powers of a liquidator in a company when dealing with the directors, the liquidator can initiate actions against the partners to seek to disqualify them as partners in a partnership (Insolvent Partnerships Order 1994)

2.2. The liquidator must also ascertain whether any transactions have taken place that put the partners (individually or collectively) into a better position than they should be then such transactions (known as preferences or transactions at undervalue). If such transactions have been completed before the winding up, they can be un-done. The court can order that the partners reverse the transaction.

3. The liquidator completes his /her work by making payments (called distributions) to the creditors in order of priority (if any distributions can be made).

It is usually preferable to allowing creditors to wind the company up. Common sense dictates that allowing creditors to initiate such proceedings indicates to creditors and the liquidator that the partnership /partners have failed to act in the best interests of the body of creditors as a whole. It is in our opinion never the right advice to simply say, close the company and let your creditors spend their money winding you up. This is not acting in the best interests of creditors, as a partner is obliged to do.

The Advantages of Winding up
By initiating such action themselves the partners as individuals may avoid the disqualification of the partners and as company directors, however this will depend on their actions pre the failure and whether they had acted at all times correctly and in the creditor's interests.
The creditors will know that an insolvency practitioner must be appointed where the winding up process is used. This can ensure (sometimes) a better return, investigation into the officers conduct pre insolvency and the knowledge that the partnership will not increase debts.

In rescue and restructuring work the partnership can quickly terminate leases and contractual liabilities.

Disadvantages of Winding up.
As in all liquidations the assets of the business can be much less than if the business continued. Such insolvency "meltdown" frequently disappoints officers of companies or partnerships because they believe that the values are much higher than can be achieved at, say, a liquidation auction. In today's tight market, values for companies and their assets at auction are falling as there are fewer buyers and less credit available for those purchases. When additional claims materialize such as the landlord's lease liabilities, HP, lease contracts and employee claims and the overall debt position can actually increase.

The combination of these factors may lead to a very small dividend or none at all.

Winding up can be a very expensive process and the cost of the work undertaken can be recovered from the assets of the business if there are sufficient funds to do so. But if the assets are insufficient (especially after a meltdown) the partners themselves must make up the fees and costs shortfall.

From the partner's perspective winding up can lead to their personal bankruptcy if they are called upon to make good the deficiencies of the partnership. They can also be disqualified if the liquidators investigation uncovers misfeasance or mis-conduct and they cannot re-use the trade name of the partnership for up to 5 years.

Most creditors are unlikely to see any real dividend unless the partners can make up the shortfalls. But if a rescue plan, which may incorporate, the partner's IVA's, partnership voluntary arrangements (PVA) or partnership arrangements (PA) is used, higher returns and continuance of trade may occur which in the future can be equally important to receipt of debts.

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